Kotlin Basics

3 min readNov 17, 2019

In my previous article we discovered details about how Kotlin was designed, what is the philosophy behind this new programming language and how its popularity has grown over the past years.

In this article we’re going to continue with some basic concepts from Kotlin Wonderland like:

✅basic types from Kotlin

✅control flow instructions

✅equality checks

✅null safety

📌Define variables (val vs var)

val is immutable (read-only) and we can only assign a value to them exactly one time.
var is mutable and can be reassigned.

📌Types in Kotlin

In Kotlin everything is an object.

Arrays in Kotlin are represented using the Array class. To create an array we can use the helper function arrayOf() or the constructor Array()

String interpolation

Simple reference uses $
Complex references uses ${}
Raw Strings ”””

📌Control flow: if, when, for, while

if — in Kotlin if is an expression, so it returns a value. There is no ternary operator.
when — replaces “switch” from Java. We can also check a value for being or not in a specific range and we can also check if a variable is or not of a particular type.
for — iterates through anything that provides an iterator. Can use the withIndex library function.
while and do … while — same behavior like in Java.

if/else

when

when with range

when with check type

for

for with index

while and do…while

📌Equality checks

In Kotlin we have structural equality (a check for equals()) ==
Referential equality (two references point to the same object) ===

📌Null safety

In an effort to rid the world of NullPointerException, variable types in Kotlin don’t allow the assignment of null. 👼👼👼
In order to use a variable that can be null, declare it nullable by adding ? at the end of its type.

But… 😥😥😥

The only possible causes of NPE’s may be: